Production Philosophies

Biological Wines

Bilological wine is produced following strict guidelines that prioritize sustainability and environmental respect. In its production, synthetic chemicals and genetically modified organisms are excluded. The winemaking process must adhere to specific regulations, such as the European Regulation 203/2012. Lastly, the producing company must obtain a compliance certification from a recognized authority. Each producer can adopt practices that best reflect their vision of sustainable agriculture.

Biodynamic wines

Biodynamic wine is produced according to the principles of biodynamic agriculture developed by Rudolf Steiner, a holistic and spiritual approach to viticulture. This method involves respecting lunar cycles, using biodynamic preparations to enrich the soil, and promoting biological diversity. Like organic wine, biodynamic wine excludes the use of synthetic chemicals. However, it goes further by aiming to create a balanced and self-sustaining vineyard ecosystem. Biodynamic certification is provided by organizations such as Demeter and Biodyvin.

Artisan wines

Artisan wines is produced by small-scale producers who place great emphasis on the quality of the final product, often favoring traditional production methods. These producers personally oversee all stages of production, from vineyard care to winemaking. The goal is to create unique wines that express the terroir and reflect the individuality of the winemaker. There is no official certification for artisanal wines.

Vegan Friendly Wines

Vegan friendly wine is produced without using any animal products or derivatives, both in grape cultivation and in the winemaking process. Some non-vegan wines use animal-based products in the clarification process, such as albumin (egg protein), casein (milk protein), or gelatin (derived from animal bones). A vegan friendly  wine, on the other hand, uses plant-based or mineral alternatives for clarification, or may omit the process entirely.

Wines without added sulphites

A wine without added sulfites is one to which no sulfites have been added during the winemaking process. Sulfites, often in the form of sulfur dioxide, are commonly used in winemaking for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, some producers choose not to add sulfites to keep the wine as natural as possible. It's important to note that even if no sulfites are added, the wine may still contain trace amounts, as they are naturally produced during fermentation.

FIVI Wines

The wine from the Federazione Italiana Vignaioli Indipendenti (FIVI - Italian Federation of Independent Winemakers) comes from producers who personally manage all stages of production, from vineyard cultivation to winemaking and marketing.

FIVI represents and defends the interests of these independent winemakers, contributes to the development plans of the wine industry, and its main goal is to enhance the role of the winemaker as the highest guarantee of product authenticity and a means of protecting the land. It promotes awareness among consumers and builds alliances with them.

Triple A Wines

Triple A (Agricoltori Artigiani Artisti) wine is defined by a manifesto created by Luca Gargano in 2001. This wine is produced by farmers who cultivate their vineyards directly using natural methods, artisans who use production processes that do not alter the original structure of the grape or wine, and artists whose sensitivity brings forth a wine that enhances the characteristics of the terroir and grape variety. These wines are produced following a strict set of guidelines, which include manual vine selection, the use of indigenous yeasts, the absence of chemical or physical interventions during fermentation, and bottling without chemical corrections or filtration.

VinNatur Wines

VinNatur wine is produced by winemakers from around the world who aim to protect the integrity of their land, respecting history, culture, and art, and are guided by a strong ecological ethic. This means producing wine naturally, respecting the land, the vines, and natural cycles, while limiting the use of invasive chemical and technological agents both in the vineyard and the cellar. VinNatur fights against the standardization brought about by chemicals, technology, and industrialization in agriculture, particularly in wine production. Key activities of VinNatur include fighting against pesticides, researching winemaking techniques in collaboration with private laboratories and universities, and experimenting with innovative, environmentally-friendly agricultural approaches.

Sparkling Wine Production Methods

The Metodo Classico, the Martinotti Method, and the Metodo Ancestrale are three distinct approaches used in sparkling wine production.

Metodo Classico

The Metodo Classico, also known as the traditional or champenoise method, is the technique used to produce champagne. This method involves a double fermentation of the wine. Initially, a base wine is made through the fermentation of grapes. Then, a mixture of yeast and sugars is added to the bottle, initiating a second fermentation inside it. During this fermentation, carbon dioxide is produced and trapped in the bottle, creating the signature bubbles of sparkling wine. Afterward, the bottle undergoes a process to remove the yeast sediment, known as disgorgement, followed by topping off with the same sparkling wine or a small amount of sugar, called liqueur d'expédition.

Metodo Martinotti

The Martinotti Method, also known as the Charmat or cuve close method, is a sparkling wine production technique that involves fermentation in stainless steel tanks or autoclaves. After the base wine is fermented, it is transferred to these tanks along with a solution of sugars and yeasts. The second fermentation then occurs in these sealed, pressurized tanks, allowing the wine to develop its bubbles. Once fermentation is complete, the wine is filtered to remove any remaining yeast, and it is then bottled using a technique that preserves its effervescence.

Metodo Ancestrale

The Metodo Ancestrale, also known as the pétillant naturel or méthode gaillacoise, is an ancient method for producing sparkling wines. In this method, fermentation in the bottle occurs without the addition of external sugars or yeasts. Fermentation begins naturally inside the bottle, where the yeasts present in the grapes convert the sugars into alcohol, generating carbon dioxide that becomes trapped, creating bubbles. Once fermentation is complete, the wine is left to rest on its lees for some time to develop aromatic complexity. Unlike the other two methods, the ancestral method does not involve the removal of yeast sediment.

Sparkling wines dosage

The dosage of sparkling wines refers to the amount of sugar added to the wine after the disgorgement phase (removal of yeast sediment) to balance the acidity and adjust the sweetness level of the final product. Dosages are usually expressed in grams of sugar per liter (g/L) and can range from very dry to very sweet. Below are the most common dosage levels:

Pas Dosé/Brut Nature/Zero Dosage

0-3 g/L

This is the lowest or even zero sugar dosage. Pas dosé sparkling wine is extremely dry, with no residual sweetness.

Extra Brut

0-6 g/L

Similar to pas dosé, extra brut sparkling wine has a very low sugar dosage, typically less than 6 g/L. It is dry, with minimal residual sweetness.

Brut

0-12 g/L

The most common dosage for many sparkling wines. Brut sparkling wine can range from dry to very dry, with a slight trace of residual sweetness.

Extra Dry

12-17 g/L

Despite the name, extra dry actually has a slight sweetness. It is sweeter than brut and can be enjoyed by those who prefer a less dry experience.

Dry

17-32 g/L

A wine with moderate sweetness. Dry sparkling wine tends to have a more pronounced sweetness compared to brut or extra dry.

Demi-Sec

32-50 g/L

Demi-sec sparkling wine has considerable sweetness and can be enjoyed as a dessert wine or paired with sweet dishes.

Doux

Oltre 50 g/L

The sweetest dosage available, with a very pronounced sweetness. Doux sparkling wine is ideal as a dessert wine.

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